Nondestructive Analysis of Wall Paintings at Ostia Antica

Roman wall paintings at Ostia Antica were studied for the first time in situ an integrated approach using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) depth profiling, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and visible induced luminescence (VIL) order to explore materials used their construction gain insight into evolution of painting technique over time. NMR revealed signatures covered through details structure top painted mortar layers, loss this information that can be encountered when are detached from preservation purposes. XRF provided about pigment composition paintings, VIL was identify Egyptian Blue. Blue only found earlier dating 1st century B.C.E. C.E. The palette seems become limited iron-based pigments later whereas appears more varied including mercury, lead, copper-based pigments.